Probiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Probiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. Answer: Introduction: Probiotics refer to the live microorganisms consumed by individuals with the intension of conferring a certain health benefit. The use of probiotics in parallel to antibiotics, or after the administration of antibiotics has been widely discussed in the literature. In my opinion, it is possible to consider the use of probiotics in parallel to antibiotics or recommend their use after. Johnston, Goldenberg and Parkin (2016) carried out research to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic in the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). The probiotics used were Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and/or Bacillus. The results indicated that probiotics showcased the greatest efficiency for patients receiving particular antibiotics management. Surawicz and Brandt (2016) point out that patients suffering from diarrhoea as a result of taking antibiotics are much relieved after administration of probiotics. C. difficile is the causative organism for diarrhoea. Receiving probiotics ensures that the normal floral balance in the human gut is restored effectively. After administration of an antibiotic, this normal balance of microorganisms is impaired. Further, antibiotics bring in a disruption of the ecosystem of the organisms present in the intestine of the human. Consequently, the bacterium as well as other pa thogens spread profusely without control. It is believed that the use of probiotics is recommended as an advanced treatment option for keeping a healthy balance of microorganisms in the intestines of individuals taking antibiotics. Lesbros-Pantoflickova, Corthsy-Theulaz and Blum (2007) highlight the usefulness of probiotics in case of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. This pathogen is a cause of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. Antibiotics-based eradication treatment is effective. Nevertheless, antibiotic resistance can be achieved easily. Application of probiotics presents a large-scale complementary solution to decrease colonisation of this organism. References Johnston, B.C., Goldenberg, J.Z. and Parkin, P.C., 2016. Probiotics and the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infants and children.Jama,316(14), pp.1484-1485. Lesbros-Pantoflickova, D., Corthsy-Theulaz, I. and Blum, A.L., 2007. Helicobacter pylori and probiotics.The Journal of nutrition,137(3), pp.812S-818S. Surawicz, C.M. and Brandt, L.J., 2016. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation management.Sleisenger and Fordtrans Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, pp.2339-43.

The Mayans Analysis Essay Example For Students

The Mayans Analysis Essay Maya were an American Indian People who developed a magnificent civilization in Central America and south Mexico. The Maya civilization reached its period of development about A.D.250 and continued to flourish for over 600 years. The Maya produced remarkable architecture, painting, pottery, and sculpture. They made great advancements in astronomy and mathematics and developed and accurate yearly calender. They were one of the first peoples in the Western Hemisphere to develop and advanced form of writing. The Maya lived in an area of about 120,000 square miles (311,000 square kilometers). Today, the territory of the Maya is divided among Mexico and several Central American countries. It consists of the Mexican states of Campeche, Yucatan, and Quintana Roo and part of the states of Tabasco and Chiapas. It also includes Belize, most of Quatemala, and parts of El Salvador and of Honduras. The heart of the Maya civilization was in the tropical rain forest of the lowlands of northern Quatemala. Many of the major Maya Cities, such as Piedras Negras, Tikal, and uaxactun, developed in this area. People, Geography and LanguageThe Maya homeland, called Mesoamerica, span fine countries: Mexico, Quatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador. There are now indications that the people we call the Maya had migrated from North America to the highlands of Guatemala perhaps as long ago as 2600 B.C., living an agriculuture village-based life. The cultural of these Preclassic Maya owes much to the earlier civilization of the Olmec, which flourished ca 1200 B.C. By the time Maya civilization had reached its peak the classic period (A.D. 200-900) the Maya were spread across an almost continuous territory of roughly 311,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Comprising three general areas:The tropical rain forest of the lowlands, stretching from northern Honduras, through the Peten region of Guatemala and into Belize and chiapas, which became the heart of classic Maya civilization included cities such as Copan, Yaxchilan, Tikal, and Palenque. The Guatemala highlands and the Pacific Coast, where Aztecs influenced In the early classic period caused some differences in cultural development from the Central or lowlands, Maya. The northern Yucatan peninsula, where sites include Habna, Chichen Itza and Uxmal, is characterized by scrub vegetation, thin soil, and little surface water aMythology

Advertisement from Cosmopolitan

Introduction There are a number of advertisements that contain educative and informative visual and written elements which perform many functions. In this paper, one particular ad will be analyzed and evaluated in order to define what key signs make this ad powerful, what cultural codes help to comprehend the message of the ad, and what arguments may be used to prove the correctness and reliability of the chosen image.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement from Cosmopolitan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The popular English-language magazine Cosmopolitan is chosen for the analysis; among the variety of ads which are presented in Cosmopolitan, it is not very easy to chose the one and prove that the chosen image is the best for the analysis. However, taking into consideration the idea that ads have to contain a number of signs and message to people, the ad with Jude Law who advertises Dior is chosen. Semi otics itself represents a kind of social interaction that should happen between an individual who observe this ad and the sign that is offered in a variety of interpretations. In this paper, the analysis of the ad from Cosmopolitan will be organized: this ad is both male- and female-based because women can find Jude Law attractive and stylish person with proper taste and ideas, and men may comprehend what kind of perfume is possible to use and become a true â€Å"modern† (Figure 1) man. Discussion Identification of key signs. The advertised product under consideration, â€Å"Dior Homme Intense†, has a number of signs whose meanings introduce a kind of favourable impression on people and underline masculine context in which it is presented. Semiotic analysis evaluates a number of signs in the chosen societal society and turns out to be helpful for those who want to comprehend the essence of the ad under discussion and the purposes of its message. Signs of advertisement are not independent from the context they are presented in. At the chosen semiotic level, it is possible to identify the following signs: the picture of Jude Law that introduces the image of a handsome, smart, intelligent, and stylish man who makes use of the perfume and achieves success in this life; white background that proves that nothing else is as important and significant as Dior; the chosen slogan â€Å"the essence of modern man† (Figure 1); and finally, the bottle of the perfume itself that informs people how Dior looks like. Ferdinand de Saussure identifies two integral parts of any sign in the ad that are the form of the sign and the concept of the sign (Sebeok 2001), this is why it becomes very important to interpret each sign and its part in a proper way. Interpretation of signs. There are four main signs in the chosen ad, and each of them has its own meaning (connotation) and function. First, the image of the man, Jude Law attracts the attention. The chosen perf umes are for men; and it is necessary to choose a successful handsome and attractive person who may prove that this choice is justified.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jude Law meets all these demands, this is why his image should attract the attention of many women who would like to buy Dior to their men and help them to become better, and male audience should be interested in the production because Law demonstrates good tastes, awesome achievements, and popularity among women. White background is one more powerful sign that explains that nothing should matter when perfumes are presented. The chosen background makes the viewer focus his/her attention on the person and the production, and nothing more. The written effect is the sign that should inspire people to buy this perfume and be encouraged with the hope to be called a modern man, a stylish man, a successful man. Finally, the bottle of Dior itself is the main sign of the ad that shows what action should be taken to achieve the desirable glory and success. Jude Law is the central but not the only main character of this ad. Dior is the key to male success and recognition. It exists, it looks attractive, and it waits for all men to use it and be improved. Signs’ analysis. With the help of this ad, a good understanding of the effects of signs’ combination is demonstrated. First, the use is metaphor is evident: Dior is not only the perfume that has to be used by people on ordinary basics; Dior depicts â€Å"the essence of modern man† (Figure 1), and this essence may be observed though the image of Jude Law. Elegant suit, kind look, slim figure, and bright shoes – all this makes a man real and successful. There are no colours around just black and white, and that gold bottle of perfume that is advertised. The idea of choice, preference, and clarity are the main semiotic concepts wh ich are used in the ad. The idea to choose concrete colours proves that nothing else is important right now, no other colours, tastes, and principles matter. There is one choice, one idea, and one decision to become a modern man, and this idea is justified by properly chosen colours, clothes, and words (the main semiotic concepts). Cultural codes. Stuart Hall (1997) admits that it is not always easy to define cultural codes because their function is to underline the obvious structure of the ad.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement from Cosmopolitan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The use of such codes like colours (white and black to underline reality and dispose all possible distractions), chosen language (brief, accurate, and meaningful words to introduce the image), and location (words are at the foot, man is at the centre, and perfumes are on the left but still the most noticeable and colourful). R elevant concepts of the chosen ad are connected to fashion and style that is inherent to people. The chosen codes and signs are perfectly combined in order to explain people how important fashion is nowadays. The relation between the text and the culture presented is clear: if you want to be stylish and recognizable, you are welcome to use this perfume and become better. Jude Law has already made his decision, and his popularity is one of the best evidences. Now other men should try this and make some changes in their lives. Conventions and discourses of the ad. In our modern world, people make a considerable use of magazine advertisement in order to find out what is in fashion, what is better to use, what is more effective, and what makes this life more amazing, captivating, and worthy of attention. Usually magazines are gender specific, and Cosmopolitan is one of those sources where interesting information for both men and women who are interested in fashion and style may be found . If a person is stylish, aware about fashionable trades, and eager to get the best profession, Cosmopolitan is the magazine with ads and facts reliable. This ad meets all conventions and principles of modern world. There are no extra words which may be used to attract attention: everything is clear and understandable, and if a person is eager to use the advertised ad because of the discourse presented, the effectiveness of such ad is proved. The broader discourse of the ad is possible in the field of fashion, style, and tastes which are chosen by people. Conclusion In general, the overall effect of the ad and its signs and codes is positive. People like fashion; they always want to know more and use real-life examples as powerful trends and proofs of their actions. Chosen colours, person, and background seem to be perfect for this ad because nothing could be add to improve the advertisement and everything is as clear as it should be to attract people, prove them that this choice is good enough, and make them believe that the power of perfume is great for the world we live in. Reference List Hall, Stuart. â€Å"The Work of Representation† in his Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices†. London: Sage Open University Press, 1997Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sebeok, Albert. Signs: An Introduction to Semiotics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. Appendix Figure 1: Advertisement This essay on Advertisement from Cosmopolitan was written and submitted by user Illuminati to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Diversity Scholarship Essay Topics

Diversity Scholarship Essay TopicsDiversity scholarship essay topics are often based on research or personal experiences. Often, the questions in your essay will be answered with references from your personal life. However, there are also a variety of topics that you can tackle and use to generate more depth in your application.Diversity scholarship essay topics are best used as an essay for a scholarship with a focus on diversity. It is generally good practice to present your diverse life experiences. You may even present two or three diverse experiences that you have had. Keep this in mind when applying for diversity scholarships.When looking for diversity topics to write about, ask yourself what types of experiences make you unique? What are your passions? Are you an adventurous person? Are you a creative or logical thinker?You will probably need to think about your diverse life when making your essay. This means thinking about the areas that you spend your time in. Are you spendi ng your time at home, in school, or in a job?If you are spending your time at home, this will probably require a diversity topic. If you spend time at school, that could mean a focus on certain classes, courses, or even teachers. Whatever you choose, it should highlight your unique contributions to your life.What is your previous experiences? What are the particular challenges you encountered? Who were these experiences that made you unique? These can be included in your diversity essay topics.Diversity scholarship essay topics can be used for a diversity scholarship or for any written essay topic. They should focus on an area of your life that makes you unique and offer a great deal of depth in your interests and experiences.

Bhopal, India Poison Gas Leak Disaster, 1984

Bhopal, India Poison Gas Leak Disaster, 1984 During the night of December 2-3, 1984, a storage tank containing methyl isocyanate (MIC) at the Union Carbide pesticide plant leaked gas into the densely populated city of Bhopal, India. Killing an estimated 3,000 to 6,000 people, the Bhopal Gas Leak was one of the worst industrial accidents in history. Cutting Costs Union Carbide India, Ltd. built a pesticide plant in Bhopal, India in the late 1970s in an effort to produce pesticides locally to help increase production on local farms. However, sales of pesticide didnt materialize in the numbers hoped for and the plant was soon losing money. In 1979, the factory began to produce large amounts of the highly toxic methyl isocyanate (MIC), because it was a cheaper way to make the pesticide carbaryl. To also cut costs, training and maintenance in the factory were drastically cut back. Workers in the factory complained about the dangerous conditions and warned of possible disasters, but management did not take any action. The Storage Tank Heats Up On the night of December 2-3, 1984, something began to go wrong in storage tank E610, which contained 40 tons of MIC. Water leaked into the tank which caused the MIC to heat up. Some sources say that water leaked into the tank during routine cleaning of a pipe but that the safety valves inside the pipe were faulty. The Union Carbide company claims that a saboteur placed the water inside the tank, although there has never been proof of this. It is also considered possible that once the tank began to overheat, workers threw water on the tank, not realizing they were adding to the problem. The Deadly Gas Leak By 12:15 a.m. on the morning of December 3, 1984, MIC fumes were leaking out of the storage tank. Although there should have been six safety features that would have either prevented the leak or contained it, all six did not work properly that night. It is estimated that 27 tons of MIC gas escaped out of the container and spread across the densely populated city of Bhopal, India, which had a population of approximately 900,000 people. Although a warning siren was turned on, it was quickly turned off again so as to not cause panic. Most residents of Bhopal were sleeping when the gas began to leak. Many woke up only because they heard their children coughing or found themselves choking on the fumes. As people jumped up from their beds, they felt their eyes and throat burning. Some choked on their own bile. Others fell to the ground in contortions of pain. People ran and ran, but they did not know in which direction to go. Families were split up in the confusion. Many people fell to the ground unconscious and were then trampled upon. The Death Toll Estimates of the death toll vary greatly. Most sources say at least 3,000 people died from immediate exposure to the gas, while higher estimates go up to 8,000. In the two decades following the night of the disaster, approximately 20,000 additional people have died from the damage they received from the gas. Another 120,000 people live daily with the effects of the gas, including blindness, extreme shortness of breath, cancers, birth deformities, and early onset of menopause. Chemicals from the pesticide plant and from the leak have infiltrated the water system and the soil near the old factory and thus continue to cause poisoning in the people who live near it. The Man Responsible Just three days after the disaster, the chairman of Union Carbide, Warren Anderson, was arrested. When he was released on bail, he fled the country. Although his whereabouts were unknown for many years, recently he was found living in the Hamptons in New York. Extradition procedures have not started because of political issues. Anderson continues to be wanted in India for culpable homicide for his role in the Bhopal disaster. The Company Says They Are Not to Blame One of the worst parts of this tragedy is actually what has happened in the years following that fateful night in 1984. Although Union Carbide has paid some restitution to the victims, the company claims they are not liable for any damages because they blame a saboteur for the disaster and claim that the factory was in good working order before the gas leak. The victims of the Bhopal gas leak have received very little money. Many of the victims continue to live in ill health and are unable to work.

Three Arms of Authority Controlling the Public Education Systems Case Study

Three Arms of Authority Controlling the Public Education Systems - Case Study Example NCLB is a foundation project that serves as a federal intervention within the various states in America (Kowalski, 2004, P1, L6). This paper provides insight into the operation structure of the NCLB with a specific case study of individual Superintendents within various public education systems. Â  The case study involved between Dr. Stacy and Billy Pratt yielded various responses with effect to the introduction and implementation of the NCLB act. Dr. Stacy Barstow is instrumental in enforcing instructional improvement and engaging staff development. This is a positive approach as stated in the NCLB act where an education superintendent is significant curriculum personnel. Dr. Stacy also engaged positive approaches by supporting the NCLB objectives through positive remarks during a meeting with school heads. According to the case study, Superintendent Billy Pratt refutes the NCLB act, claiming that the law appeared inconsistent and incompetent (Kowalski, 2004, P3, L9). His arguments draw justification from the provided programs of the special education and other bilingual students. His arguments also criticized ignorance by the federal government on matters of local control. Billy Pratt’s justification may serve as an indicator to demand government careful involvemen t in future acts and educational policies. Â  Superintendent Dr. Stacy’s decision to avoid negative remarks towards the NCLB act shows an unrealistic approach to sensitive educational matters. As such, the move triggered differences among other secondary principals and elementary principals. The decision by Dr. Stacy also signifies an unreliable personality trait that would question individual leadership attributes. Billy Pratt decision to publicly criticize NCLB policies shows disrespect to a given law (Kowalski, 2004, P3, L10).

The USA Involvement in Mali Conflict Research Paper

The USA Involvement in Mali Conflict - Research Paper Example The reason that could support the USA involvement in the Malian conflict is the fact that Mali has been identified as an emerging new hub for terrorism (Teichmann, 2013). Reports have indicated that the al-Qaeda wing that is operating in Mali was responsible for the Algerian attacks, which greatly impacted on the country, and caused it a great deal of instability. The effect of the war in Mali, courtesy of the Jihadist and other militant rebels can already be felt, to a significant level. The United Nations agency that handles refugees has been calling for an international community engagement in resolving the conflict, citing the Humanitarian crisis that has been experienced in the country since the war began. According to UNHCR, hundreds of thousands of the Malian population in the northern region have been displaced, while many others have been killed in the conflict and yet more others abused (Watt & Harding, 2013). This concern raises the need for the USA to consider engaging in the Malian conflict, just to help bring the war to a speedy end, and thus help to rescue millions of the Malian civilians who are suffering in the hands of the militants, as well as those being displaced and committed to suffer as refugees in the neighboring countries. According to the UNHCR statistics, more than 150,000 people have been forced to flee out of Mali, while another 230,000 are now living as internally displaced persons within the country (Perry, 2013). This trend is alarming, following the consideration that it is the international community that is responsible for giving aid to such people, through the international humanitarian agencies, such as the UNHCR.  The rebels and the insurgent militants have also given the USA more reasons to engage in the Malian conflict. The Jihadists and the Rebels have been involved in taking hostages most of the people from the western powers living or serving in Mali, as the aids assistants to the people who are affected by the war (Huff Post, 2013).