Edward Craven Walker and the History of Lava Lamps

Singapore-born inventor Edward Craven Walker was having a pint in post WWII England. The pubs decor included a fascinating lamp, which Craven Walker described as a contraption made out of a cocktail shaker, old tins and things. It was to become the starting point and inspiration for Craven Walkers design. Edward Craven Walker Designs the Modern Lava Lamp The liquid-filled inventor proceeded to purchase the equally liquid-filled lamp, whose creator (Mr. Dunnett) Walker later discovered had died. Walker became determined to make a better version of the novelty item and spent the next decade and a half doing so (in between running an international house-swap agency and making films about nudism.) Walker worked on improving the lamp with his company, the Crestworth Company of Dorset, England. Initially local retail merchants thought his lamps were ugly and disgusting. Luckily, for Craven Walker the Psychedelic Movement and the Love Generation came to dominate 60s merchandising in Great Britain and sales of the lava lamp soared. It was the perfect light for modern times, Walker declared: If you buy my lamp, you wont need to buy drugs. The Lava Lamp's Secret Recipe Edward Craven Walker perfected a secret Lava recipe of oil, wax, and other solids. The original model had a large gold base with tiny holes to simulate starlight, and a 52 oz globe that contained red or white Lava and yellow or blue liquid. He marketed the lamp in Europe under the name of Astro Lamp. Two American entrepreneurs saw the lava lamp displayed at a German trade show and bought the rights to manufacture the lava lamp in North America under the name Lava Lite Lamp. Lava Lamp Sales and Success Before selling his company, sales of the lamps had exceeded seven million units. Today with over 400,000 lava lamps made each year, the Lava Lamp is enjoying a comeback. Craven Walkers original  company, the Crestworth Company, changed names to Mathmos in 1995 (a reference to the bubbling force in Barbarella.) They still manufacture the Astro, Astro Baby, and more Lava Lamps in their original home of Poole, Dorset, UK. How the Basic Lava Lamp Works Base: Holds a 40 watt frosted appliance light bulb inside a reflecting cone. This cone rests on a second cone, which houses the light bulb socket and electrical cord connection. The electrical cord has a small in-line switch on it and a standard US 120v plug. Lamp: A glass container containing two fluids, called water and lava, both trade secrets. A metal cap seals the top of the lamp. There is a small amount of air at the very top of the lamp. Loose at the bottom of the lamp is a small coil of wire called the element. Top Cap: A small plastic cover over the top of the lamp which serves to both hide the lamps inner cap and the waterline. When turned off and cold, the lava is a hard lump at the bottom of the glass container and can barely be seen. The light bulb, when turned on, heats both the element and the lava. The lava expands with heat, becomes less dense than the water, and rises to the top. Away from the heat, the lava cools and becomes denser than the water and falls. The lava at the bottom reheats and begins to rise all over again and as long as the lamp is on, the lava keeps flowing in pleasing up-and-down waves. Initially lamps require a warm-up period of about 30 minutes to melt the lava before going into full motion. Todays modern lava lamps use Borosilicate glass that can withstand quick extremes in temperature.

Essay On Organizational Culture In The Workplace - 1213 Words

An organization always faces challenges when allowing new employees into their culture. Brethren Woods Camp and Retreat Center encounters this change every year when they orient their summer staff. Last summer, however, a new problem occurred to challenge their organizational culture. During the fifth week of their six week summer camp program, they caught wind from a stakeholder that some of their employees had been in violation of the personnel policy they all signed earlier in the summer. After confirming this information with the employees in question, they were quick to judge the situation. Two employees were fired while the rest were treated to a talking circle. The incident was not explained to the entire staff and was never spoken†¦show more content†¦With roots in the Church of the Brethren, it is easy to trace where the organizational culture gets its roots. In fact their mission statement is â€Å"to provide Christian educational opportunities, facilities, and pr ograms for all ages in an inviting woodland setting; encouraging the formation of Christ-centered living, leadership, and stewardship of creation, leading toward wholeness in the kingdom of God† (Brethren Woods, 2017). These Christian beliefs are explicit in each camp week as the organization values events including bible study, vespers, and morning watch. They can also be seen in the expectations for employees from the dress code to the housing rules. Brethren Woods also gets much of their funding from Brethren churches surrounding the area. As stakeholders, these churches keep the camp accountable to their values because they do not want to put their money into an organization that does not align with their beliefs. All of these elements of the camp’s organizational culture led to the way the handled the problem with their staff. First off, one of the elements of their mission is to form leaders in Christ. With their leaders exhibiting behaviors contrary to these valu es, something had to be done. Next, there was a culture set by the executive director and two co-program directors that they wanted to perpetuate. They could not allow the culture to morph into something against their mission. Lastly, the stakeholders expect Brethren Woods to uphold anShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Success Is Increasingly Becoming Dependent On An Organization1627 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 Introduction Organizational success is increasingly becoming dependent on an organization’s ability to embrace a diverse workforce (Simmons et al., 2011). There exists more variety in the modern workforce than in previous years (Christian et al., 2006). This is largely due to the demographic factors like immigration and economic factors like globalization (Christian et al., 2006). The increase of globalization requires more interaction among people from different cultures, beliefs and backgroundRead MoreIt Is No Secret That Google Has Been Declared One Of The893 Words   |  4 Pagesare through the roof for Google creating longevity and long-term sustainability. In order to maintain the status of being one of the best places to work, Google is very selective about hiring competent employees who contribute to a positive workplace culture. Thus, Google employees are well paid, receive many perks, as well as the flexibility to prevent strain that accompanies having a work/ family imbalance. 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Diversity is the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : VARIETY; especially : the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization programs intended to promote diversity in schools.( http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diversity)Read MoreA Nation Of Immigrants By John F. Kennedy1610 Words   |  7 Pagesof immigrants† as John F. Kennedy called it. Apart from the Native American ancestry, all others trace their culture ba ck to somewhere else (Soerens, M. 2013). In my opinion, the U.S has increasing rate of immigrants, than any other country. It is also successful in providing facilities like education, employment and various career opportunities for global immigrants even today. My essay is about the question, â€Å"How are cultural differences effecting the communication and performance of immigrantsRead More Management Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pageschangeable business environment. This essay will discuss whether the managers nowadays have the tendency to focus on economic results at the expense of more important things or not, and yes, the managers have the tendency to focus on the expense of more important things, the discussion will be demonstrated from the following concepts: contemporary management challenges—downsizing, workplace diversity, restructuring, globalisation and quality; organisational culture in Australia, managers’ role in managingRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Workplace Norms898 Words   |  4 Pages Organizational culture defined as a distinct set of workplace, traditions, values, and practices, frequently shape how people behave in their current workplace. Three sources of organizational culture that influence ho w people behave are known as workplace values, workplace norms, and workplace artifacts. Understanding organizational culture changes how people act in the public workplace. People would behave around coworkers, and supervisors. 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Hatchet Essay Paper Example For Students

Hatchet Essay Paper The theme of the story Hatchet is determination, perseverance and survival. Brian Robeson, whose parents are divorced, flies to visit his father in Canadianwilderness. His pilot has a heart attack and dies. Brian managed to land theplane in a lake, and escape unharmed. Now comes the hard part, surviving in thewilderness until rescued. He does have one tool to help him, a hatchet that hismother had given him as a gift. He will have to use it, his own determination,imagination, perseverance and common sense to survive. Summary: This flight tosee his father in the Canadian wilderness is Brains first time in an airplane. He explains this to the pilot and tells him that he is scared. The pilot feelssorry for Brian and decides to show him that flying is not very difficult. Helets Brian take the steering control and direct the line of flight for awhile. Just when Brian thinks that everything is going well, the pilot has a heartattack and dies. Brian knows he must land the plane himself or die. He tries touse the radio without success. He knows that if he hits the trees, he can die,so he decides to land in the water of a lake. When the plane is in the water, hegets out through a window. He lay on the bank of the lake for a while to rest. Brian knew he needed food and shelter to survive so he set out to find both. Hewas very careful not to get lost or go too far from the lake where his waterwas. He found a cherry tree and because he was very hungry, he ate his fill. Hefilled his windbreaker with cherries to eat later and then managed to find acave for shelter. He slept very well, but in the morning when he awoke, he saw abear in the cave. He was terrified, because the bear was only about 20 feet awayeating his cherries out of his windbreaker. The bear only looked at Brian andthen left. The cherries must have been enough to curb his appetite! Thediscovery of how to make a fire was very important to Brains survival. He neededto have one at the mouth of the cave to protect him from wild animals, and tosignal for help. He discovered it by mistake when a porcupine wandered into hiscave! It was dark in the cave and he heard something moving. He knew it wasalive, but not what it was. He kicked it. It was then, when the quill s shot intohis foot that he knew it was a porcupine. He was in pain, and knew he could nottouch it. He threw his hatchet, and when it hit the rock of the cave instead ofthe porcupine, it made a spark. He knew how to make the spark, now all he had todo was find the fuel. He knew he needed some type of meat to survive, so hedecided to catch fish. First he tried to catch them with his hands, but he soonknew he needed a better plan. He made a primitive bow and arrow. He was veryproud of himself when he was able to use it to catch fish, or shoot a bird. Hewould scoured them and cook them over his fire. He was becoming better all thetime at survival. One day a tornado went through the area. The tornado turnedout to be a revelation. It moved the plane so that the tail was now sticking outof the water. It was then that Brian remembered that the plane contained asurvival pack. It was very difficult to get to, and it took a long time. Healmost lost his hatchet while trying to cut a hole in th e plane, but he was ableto retrieve it. When he finally got back on dry land, he found that the packcontained food, knife, rifle, and C. B. radio. He tried to use the radio, but hedid not think it was working. He found out that he was wrong when a rescue planeshowed up, it was working! Character Description: Brian Robeson is a typical 13year old boy trying to cope with his parents divorce. He is not happy about hismothers new boyfriend, and he is very excited about going to visit hisfather. He wears the typical tennis shoes, jeans, and T-shirt with awindbreaker. He is not an outdoorsman, but he has watched a lot of TV and alwayspaid attention to how they survived difficult situations. He is scared offlying, and tells the pilot this. As his situation changes and he is faced withlife or death in a survival situation, he chooses to be brave and strong andsurvive. Review: I liked Hatchet because it is about teenage adventure. .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 , .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .postImageUrl , .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 , .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04:hover , .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04:visited , .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04:active { border:0!important; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04:active , .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04 .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0f83dce81c1901d67bbf526d4ea6b04:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Ecosystem's Disturbance by a Pollutant EssayWhen I was reading I was trying to imagine what I would do if I were Brian. Ithink that he was very tough. He was always thinking about what to do tosurvive. The thing that I did not like about the book was that everything thathe did seemed to take so long! It seemed to take a few days to start a fire orto catch a fish. I did not like the ending, it was unrealistic to have a tornadogo through and all of a sudden, the tail of the plane is sticking out of thewater. Then, after all that time he miraculously remembers the survival pack isstill in the plane. Why could not he remember it in all those other weeks?Recommendations: I t hink that this book is especially good for preteens orteens. Anyone who likes adventure and wild life would like it. A person wholikes scouting and the outdoors would probably like the book. Timeline: 1. Planecrashes 2. First food fruits 3. Meeting with bear 4. Encounter withporcupine 5. First fire 6. Found turtle eggs 7. Building fire for signal 8. First fish 9. Heard search plane 10. Building a house 11. Attacked by moose 12. Tornado 13. Plane tail sticking out of water 14. Get survival pack and radio 15. Going home Rewrite: If I could make a change to the story, I think I wouldchange the part with the tornado. I think that it was weird. It seemed like thekind of magic that you see in cartoons. If I wrote the ending to the book, Iwould make it more realistic. He maybe could find sulfur to make a flare or asearch plane would see his smoke signal. He could even try diving over and overagain to get back into the plane for the survival pack that he may remember wasthere. I just think that the tornado was an easy ending for the author and thathe should not have used it.

Harmonization in IFRS and Australian GAAP-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.What is Sustainability? Is the notion of sustainability relevant to business and accounting? Justify your answer. 2.Is the notion of Sustainability relevant to the aquaculture Industry in which Tassal Operates? Justify your answer. 3.What are the specific Austainability Issues that Tassal is facing? Justify your answer. 4.If Sustainability is relevant to Tassal, how might Tassal embrace sustainability in its Operations? Justify your recommendations. Answers: Introduction With the increasing ramification of economic changes and ramified business functioning, each and every organization has to implement an effective sustainable business practice and frameworks. In this report, study has been made on the Tassal business functioning and sustainable business practice and frameworks. This report reflects how Tassal could increase the sustainability of business by complying with environmental and social sustainability business practice. There are several policies and sustainability frameworks which company could follow for its sustainable business growth in society at large. It has been observed that due to ramified changes in its business, Tassal has several environmental impact in spite of its best sustainable business practice and frameworks. In this report, study has shown that how companies could implement better level of sustainable business practice and frameworks in their business functioning. After that notion of sustainability and sustainable busi ness practice and framework relevant to Aquaculture industry in which Tassal operates have been justified. 1.Sustainability and notion of sustainability relevant to business and accounting Sustainability could be defined as ability to be maintained at a certain rate of level in the short term and long run as well while running the business. It is evaluated that if company could manage its business functioning in effective manner then avoidance of the depletion of natural resources for eco logical balance could be established. However, with the increasing complexity and the impact of business on environment, it has become mandatory for the organizations to maintain effective sustainable business. Tassal is undergoing steps to operate new marine farm and processing plant in Okehampton Bay which has resulted into several impact on the society and people who live in Tasmania community (Hrisch, Freeman, and Schaltegger, 2014). It is evaluated that Tassal has to make its business activities sustainable if it wants to run its business in long run. Sustainable business practice and framework relevant to Aquaculture industry in which Tassal operates should be related to overcom ing all the environmental and business problems which society is facing and would face on sustainable basis. Sustainability could be defined as using of all the natural resources in such a manner that it could not impact the society in negative manner at large. However, there are several activities which Tassal should undertake for mitigating all the negative impact of business in long run such as using of all the resources of business in effective manner, implication of corporate social responsibilities as mandatory method and using of standard accounting policies and frameworks (Ernst, et al, 2016). This reflects that if Tassal follow an effective method then it will surely increase the effectiveness while using resources of business. Therefore, it could be inferred that sustainability is the process which align the interest of the Tassal with the welfare and development of society. Tassal has been installing various plants and machineries in its business functioning which could e mit various negative substance and hazardous gas in determined approach (Wiek, Withycombe and Redman, 2011). Tassal needs to install various eco system and effective process method which could result to management of scarcity of resources in effective manner. The notion of sustainability and sustainable business practice and framework could be to determine the nexus between companys developments with the welfare of other stakeholder in organization. It is evaluated that if Tassal could install a particular eco system for the development and management of resources then it will surely increase the sustainability of its business practice. If company could use proper sustainability and sustainable business practice and framework in its value chain activities then it could not only reduce the emission of hazardous substance in society but also result to efficient use of resources in the business functioning of Tassal. However, in order to maintain effective corporate governance company has included sustainability reporting frameworks in its business financial statement reporting frameworks. If CEO of Tassal wants to adapt with the new requirement of sustainability and sustainable business practice and framework in its reporting then it has to follow international sustainability reporting frameworks which will require compliance with various rules and regulations in determined approach (Maleti?, et al. 2014). 2.Notion of sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry in which Tassal operates It is evaluated that notion of sustainability report should be based on the aquaculture industry objectives such as produce foods and other substance while using resources with the minimal negative impact on the natural resources and reduction of water and other usage for the better level of management of business. It is evaluated that if Tassal could easily install eco system then it will surely increase the overall production level of business and provide low level of negative impact of business. For instance, Tassal could implement new ecological management system then it will provide systematic procedure and plan to develop an effective eco system. This eco system will surely obliged all the employees and other concerned persons to use natural and other resources effectively with the minimal loss on the society. The main notion of sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry provides how Tassal could manage its operating activities (Fonseca, McAllister, and Fitzpatrick, 20 14). It reflects that If Tassal could manage its business activities in such a manner where loss of natural resources is minimized and productivity increase then it will surely provide positive impact on the society on sustainable basis. However, Tassal by following proper level of sustainability practice could increase the effectiveness of value chain activities and productivity of organization for the betterment of society. The objective of sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry and sustainable practice is to minimize the negative impact of business on society and increase the productivity of business by using minimum level of natural resources. If company could establish proper level of nexus between both the systems then it will not only increase the sustainability of business in long run but also decrease the diminishment of natural resources. It is evaluated that Aquaculture has been frontline of the public concerns regarding sustainability. Ideally natural resour ces from the aquaculture is related to fish, woods and other oil substance from the sea area. If Tessal does not follow proper level of sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry then in the future, next generation people would face problem of scarcity of resources. Therefore, it could be inferred that if Tessal wants to increase its brand image and maintain sustainable reporting framework then it will have to follow proper level of proper sustainability policies and frameworks (Brooks, 2013). However, changes in the business practice with the alignment of new sustainable policies and frameworks will surely increase sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry and companys sustainable brand image in clients mind. 3.Specific suitability issues which Tassal is facing from the business operation There are several sustainability issues which company is facing its business operation. However, the main problem is related to producing more food from the same area of land while reducing the environmental impact on the society. It is evaluated that Tassal has been facing issue of complying with various laws and regulations for maintaining the effective corporate governance. Tasmania is also accompanied with low level of resources availability and employees up there is also less efficient. In addition to this, Tassal due to its specific business relevant to the aquaculture industry is also require consumption or utilization of various natural resources in its value chain activities (Steg, et al. 2014). If Tassal does not follow proper level of sustainability policies and frameworks relevant to the aquaculture industry then it will hamper the society at large and will reduce the availability of natural resources for future generation people. In addition to this, there are several co mplex policies and frameworks of sustainability. If company follows all these policies and frameworks then it will increase the sustainability cost and production process organization. Tessal needs to install new eco systems and machines if it wants to follow international sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry. This newly adopted practice will not only increase the cash outflow from the business but also hamper the existing production system of company. However, company has to align its specific interest and objectives with the sustainability practice of company. This process will require changes in its existing business practice of Tessal and will focus on creating business environment which will focus on providing least negative impact on society at large. It is further observed that natural resources relevant to the aquaculture industry is very less and if company wants to increase the productivity of company then it should focus on installing new enterprises resour ces planning. However, uses of new ERP system could result to reduction of negative impact on the society eventually but will require high cost in the production of company (Lisson, 2014). Now it could be said that the main problem which Tassal is facing in sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry is related to emission of hazardous substance in society which could not only decrease the sustainability but also reduce the brand image of company on domestic and international level (Miller, et al, 2014). 4.Importance of sustainability relevant to Tassal and how Tassal might embrace sustainability in its operation The concept sustainability relevant to Tassal is developed with a view to provide the best possible benefits to society through its business practice. It is evaluated that if company could not focus on sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry then it will surely put negative impact on the stakeholders mind in Tasmania. In addition to this, it is further observed that company focus on reducing the negative impact of its hazardous substance in society which have been emitted by it in the society. However, Tassal has embraced sustainability relevant to its operation by adopting international sustainable policies frameworks. For instance, Tassal has been paying 5% of its average net profit of five years for discharging its all the corporate social responsibilities by complying with the corporation act 2001. In addition to this, company has also installed various eco systems and machineries to reduce the negative impact of emission of its hazardous substance from its value chai n activities in determined approach. These activities will help organization to maintain its business activities in effective manner (Ross, et al, 2014). If company could manage its business in ecofriendly manner then it will increase the sustainability of resources for the future generation people. In order to embrace the sustainability of operation of Tassal, employees of company should focus on learning new ecofriendly business activities which will require new ecofriendly machineries and plants which will reduce the overall negative impact on the society and also will reduce the wastage of resources in organization. Tassal has following other issues while embracing sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry in its value chain activities such as non-efficient employees, cost required to install new eco system, blockage of funds, hiring of new sustainability department in organization and emission of hazardous substance from its business functioning. It is evaluated that if Tassal could implement separate sustainability reporting frameworks which is aligned with the interest of organization at large then company could increase its sustainability relevant to the aquaculture industry in long run. However, in order to manage sustainability in the business, Tassal has to manage sustainability management department which will put surveillance on the consumption of resources, complying with environmental policies and frameworks and discharging corporate social responsibilities. In addition to this, Tassal has to put cap on its emission substance if it wants to practice sustainable business in society. The main of company should be to provide the best possible benefits to society and people at large. However, company has to follow in its strategies an environmental friendly eco system process which could not only increase the overall productivity but also reduce the negative impact on the society at large. Now in the end, it could be inferred that if Tassa l could reduce the overall impact of its business on the society then it will surely increase the sustainability and increased brand image in the long run. Tassal needs to install various eco system machines and plants to reduce the negative impact of its business functioning for the betterment of the society at large. Conclusion This report has provided an effective understanding on the sustainable business practice and how organization could align the interest of its business process with the social and environmental development at large. This notion of sustainability and sustainable business practice and framework relevant to Aquaculture industry in which Tassal operates have been justified by undertaking various notion of sustainability practice and frameworks in its business functioning. It is evaluated that if company want to move further then it should indulged in adopting environmental friendly value chain activities. However, putting cap on the emission of hazardous substance in environment will surely reflect the positive step towards notion of sustainability and sustainable business practice and framework relevant to Aquaculture industry. In addition to this, aligning the business interest with the sustainable development of society of Tasmania will also effectively impact the sustainable practice of organization in the best interest of society. Now in the end, it could be inferred that Tassal has to manage its business in such a manner which could not only reduce the negative impact of its business activities on environment but also increase the overall sustainable brand image of company. References Brooks, K., 2013. Ecologically Sustainable Development: engagement, citizenship, or just market edge? Exploring the social dimension. InEngaged Environmental Citizenship. Charles Darwin University Press. Ernst, L., de Graaf-Van Dinther, R.E., Peek, G.J. and Loorbach, D.A., 2016. Sustainable urban transformation and sustainability transitions; conceptual framework and case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, pp.2988-2999. Fonseca, A., McAllister, M.L. and Fitzpatrick, P., 2014. Sustainability reporting among mining corporations: a constructive critique of the GRI approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.70-83. Hrisch, J., Freeman, R.E. and Schaltegger, S., 2014. Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework.Organization Environment,27(4), pp.328-346. Lisson, D., 2014. Risks to the Tasmanian Abalone Fishery from further expansion of the Salmonid Industry. Maleti?, M., Maleti?, D., Dahlgaard, J.J., Dahlgaard-Park, S.M. and Gomi?ek, B., 2014. Sustainability exploration and sustainability exploitation: From a literature review towards a conceptual framework.Journal of Cleaner Production,79, pp.182-194. Miller, T.R., Wiek, A., Sarewitz, D., Robinson, J., Olsson, L., Kriebel, D. and Loorbach, D., 2014. The future of sustainability science: a solutions-oriented research agenda.Sustainability science,9(2), pp.239-246. Ross, H., Christie, B., Nicol, R. and Higgins, P., 2014. Space, place and sustainability and the role of outdoor education. Steg, L., Bolderdijk, J.W., Keizer, K. and Perlaviciute, G., 2014. An integrated framework for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour: The role of values, situational factors and goals.Journal of Environmental Psychology,38, pp.104-115. Wiek, A., Withycombe, L. and Redman, C.L., 2011. Key competencies in sustainability: a reference framework for academic program development.Sustainability science,6(2), pp.203-218.

Paul Farmer About the Human Rights

Ideally, we can comprehend human rights as unassailable elemental rights that an individual is intrinsically entitled because he/she is a human-being. Also, we can perceive them as being egalitarian and universal. As a matter of fact, these rights can be deemed to be either legal rights or natural rights.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Paul Farmer About the Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Human rights are the basis of tranquility, self-determination and evenhandedness because they recognize equality, and inherent dignity all over the globe (Trostle, 2005). This paper will depict the call by Paul Farmer for the human rights to have a newer definition that will not disregard the most fundamental rights, such as health, all-foods, and shelter. To begin with, the disdain or disregarding of the fundamental human rights have led to acts that are barbarous, and which are capable of outraging the individua ls’ conscience as well as the globe’s advent that can permit an individual to enjoy the freedom of trepidation, freedom of talking; and freedom of basic needs like shelter, all-foods, and health. These human rights can be affirmed as the individual’s foremost priority. These essential rights ought to be included in newer definition of human rights. For instance, if an individual does not have a right to shelter, or health, or all-foods, then he/she is likely to become rebellious against being oppressed and autocracy. It can be vital if the rule-of-law protects this (Trostle, 2005). Actually, by profession, Farmer Paul was a Medical Anthropology Professor at Harvard-Medical school. He initiated Partners-In-Health. In his Pathologies-of-power book, he greatly employed consecrating stories about life-and-death in circumstances that were tremendous with the aim of interrogating how we can comprehend human rights. Also, as a physician and an anthropologist, Paul was an experienced worker with over 20 years as he had worked in a number of nations, such as Russia, Haiti, and Peru.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As a result, Farmer argued that the current struggle for the essential and most vital human rights was to promote the social, as well as the economic rights of the poor individuals around the globe. The eyewitness accounts by Paul were passionate. These accounts came from the prisons of Russia and the two villages that were beleaguered, such as: the Chiapas villages; and the Haiti villages. In actual fact, these accounts were employed by Farmer in linking the affected victims to a wider scrutiny with regards to structural violence. Nevertheless, unadventurous thinking that was within the circles of human rights was challenged by Farmer as he tried to expose the correlations amid economical prejudice and politics, as well as the relati onship between the powerless and their ill-health and/or suffering (Farmer, 2003). Farmer was not only angry but also hopeful. This is because he was fervent as well as being authoritative at the same time. Vitally, the arguments by Farmer were elucidated as a request that was convincing in substantiating the human rights delineation not to disregard the most rudimentary rights, such as healthiness, all-foods, and shelter. This plea had a potency that was deemed to be special as it came from a great individual that had already portrayed the notion that, it is probable to have a universal dream as well as a human-rights definition that is comprehensive. Also, Farmer brought health, shelter, food, and hopefulness to a number of poorest individuals in the world (Farmer, 2003). While fighting for the newer definition of human rights, we can say that Farmer was not only charismatic but also luminous. He challenged individuals to face the 21st Century dogmatic and conjectural challenges t hat were regarded as being urgent. This was to be done by linking personified social agony with structural violence but in so doing, the human rights was to be defined afresh. While referring to Farmer’s book that was entitled Pathologies-of-Power, As Trostle puts it, â€Å"Once this book is out, we will no longer be able to remain complacently or rather complicity on the sidelines† (Trostle, 2005, p. 117).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Paul Farmer About the Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Idyllically, in his arguments, Farmer gave a critique of the fanatical moral principles regarding a conformist. On the ground, he critiqued the relentless marching of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the drug-resistant tuberculosis amid those individuals that were very sick, the poor, and the imprisoned individuals. This notion illuminated that the worldwide economy had made a number of pathologies to lo se their soul. Paul clearly illustrated that the societal forces that were alike were capable of giving rise to endemic disorders, such as tuberculosis and HIV, which were also capable of sculpting risk for persons to violate human rights. Nonetheless, Farmer was also able to portray the manner in which gender inequality and racism, particularly in America, were embodied as being a disorder or demise or both. Farmer’s book is regarded as being milestone away from an inventory-of-abuse that is hopeless. The examples that Farmer used in his book correlated with a guarded sanguinity and thus, individuals needed new medical or/and social techniques so as to be able to implement/develop them with a more informed level-headedness as regards to social justice. If not, Farmer asserted that the individuals will not tackle structural violence but only deal with social inequality (Farmer, 2003). The urgent plea by Farmer was to perceive human rights in the milieu of the public health an d then consider eminence concerns that are critical and finally, guarantee that the poor individuals around the globe are able to access them. This concern should be fundamental as presently, the globe has been characterized not only by bizarre propinquity that is in excess, but also suffering. This present central dilemma was captured by Farmer Paul. This dilemma encompassed the societal well being and the escalating health discrepancies (Payer, 1996).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In view of the fact that all United Nations member countries had already deprecated the gross-violations of human rights that had been perpetrated by a number of individuals who were capable of torturing, murdering/killing or imprisoning another individual, we usually ignore the human-rights violations that are insidious, and which are as a result of structural violence, such as: the fiscal opportunity refutation, housing that is decent; accessibility to healthcare facilities; and accessibility to educational facilities. As thus, Farmer affirmed that, â€Å"Pathologies of Power makes a powerful case that our very humanity is threatened by our collective failure to end these abuses† (Farmer, 2003, p. 87). In conclusion, we can say that arguments by Farmer have assisted us in opening up our hearts and intellects. This is due to the fact that it has displayed itself as an engaged-scholarship model, as well as a call that is urgent, and which can motivate social scientists to be capable of forsaking their undemanding disregard for human-rights both at home and away from home. In reality, Farmer’s book has gathered both an activist’s potency and the strength of a thinker. References Farmer, P. (2003). Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights and the New War on the Poor. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Payer, L. (1996). Medicine and Culture. New York: Holt Paperbacks. Trostle, J. (2005). Epidemiology and Culture (Cambridge Studies in Medical Anthropology). Berwick: Cambridge University Press. This essay on Paul Farmer About the Human Rights was written and submitted by user Charity Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Character Study of Reverend Parris in The Crucible

Character Study of Reverend Parris in The Crucible Reverend Parris, a character in  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The Crucible play by Arthur Miller is considered to be despicable in many ways. This town preacher believes himself to be a pious man. In truth, he thirsts for power, land, and material possessions. Many of his parishioners, including the Proctor family, have stopped attending church on a regular basis. His sermons of hellfire and damnation have shunned many of Salem’s residents. Because of his unpopularity, he feels persecuted by many of the citizens of Salem. However, many residents, such as Mr. and Mrs. Putnam, favor Rev. Parris harsh sense of spiritual authority. He often bases his decisions off of self-interest, though he camouflages his actions with a faà §ade of holiness. For example, he once wanted his church to have gold candlesticks. Therefore, according to ​John Proctor, the Reverend preached only about the candlesticks until he attained them. In addition, Proctor mentions that Salems previous ministers never owned property. Parris, on the other hand, demands to have the deed of his home. He fears that the residents might cast him out of the town, and he, therefore, wants an official claim to his property. It is no coincidence that he considered all of the defendants enemies long before they were accused of witchcraft. He becomes even more pathetic during the play’s resolution. He wants to save John Proctor from the hangman’s noose, but only because he worries the town may rise against him and perhaps kill him in retaliation. Even after Abigail steals his money and runs away, he never admits fault, making his character all the more frustrating to behold.

Marxism a trend of socio-political thought Essay

Marxism a trend of socio-political thought - Essay Example In accordance with this postulate (and the inevitable growth of the class struggle), it is possible to make a conclusion that sooner or later the global economic crisis and revolution will occur. Besides, ultimately the means of production, sooner or later will move to the workers and peasants.Thereafter, in accordance with the following Marxist postulate, productivity growth will sooner or later lead to the fact that human capabilities will outstrip human needs, thus, social wealth will flow an endless stream, comes communism. Under these circumstances, the postulate that â€Å"material existence of any person ultimately determines his or her consciousness† will work. Thus, we can run to the conclusion that each person will receive material benefits according to needs. And all the people will automatically become happy. An era of universal happiness will come. That what is said about the strengthening of the class struggle in the Manifesto of Communist Party, â€Å"Over the past few decades, the history of industry and commerce was nothing but the history of the revolt of modern productive forces against modern conditions of production, against the property relations that are the conditions for the existence of the bourgeoisie and its rule. It suffices to mention the commercial crises that, coming back from time to time, call into question the existence of the entire bourgeois society ... The growing competition among the bourgeois, and the resulting commercial crises lead to the fact that the wages of the workers.

Reading reflection 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading reflection 6 - Essay Example According to the article, the police generally will associate certain crimes with a certain race. The police have a set mentality on a crime committed. The will go to brutal lengths in order to prove that certain minorities commit crimes more often. Police brutality will usually occur because of a number of reasons. The most common one is racial discrimination. Between 1990 and 1994, 89% of reported custody deaths involved Hispanics or African Americans (Elisha, Joshua & Zenobia 2010). These are examples of police brutality cases that are reported. Such examples include those involving Patrick Hall, Rodney king and Oscar Grant. I concur with the author’s views on Police brutality and racial discrimination. Police brutality especially towards the minority is not always physical. This is best illustrated by the case of a Patrick Hall. Patrick Hall, an African American who served in the US army. He then enrolled at Illinois State University from where he started his own business. Hall employed most of his friends who were also black. The police started harassing him as soon as they discovered his progress (Elisha, Joshua & Zenobia 2010). The police would humiliate Hall with random checks for illegal activities. They went as far as surveying and intimidating Hall. This forced him to shut down the business and leave the city. This is a classic case of emotional and verbal abuse among minorities. Police brutality will happen for a number of reasons. Chief among them is racial discrimination. Use of excessive force is described as police brutality. By 1999, 75% of males who were African American are pulled over because they were Black (The Struggle Against racial Profiling). Law enforcement officers will verbally, emotionally and physically offensive to citizens of race. However, the number of such incidences is decreasing constantly in the wake of human rights awareness. A criminal justice

The Concept of Using Project Management Research Paper

The Concept of Using Project Management - Research Paper Example As far as HLR Inc. is concerned, the project that it is planning to launch is named Standard Customer Relationship Management Processes. The major objectives of this project are to do a thorough re-engineering of all business processes by radically changing the way they are done and by unlearning how they were done in the first place. The second objective is to have the implementation of a large system, which will translate manual processes into faster, reliable and accurate computerized processes. Stakeholders are all those people who are concerned about the activities of the organization and have vested interests in whatever is going on within the organization and regarding the organization. The major stakeholder for this project will be many. Let us discuss each one. The first stakeholders will be customers. The departments that have been integrated to make this project successful are Sales, Product Fulfillment, Customer Service, Billing and Marketing. All these departments, direc tly or indirectly, are interacting with the customer and the successful completion of this project would mean better serving the customers as the system implementation would help in getting the data more integrated into place and opportunities to keep the customer satisfied will be better grasped. The integration of all the different information systems of each department into one single information system would quicken the process of saving or updating customer-related data, whether it is editing the customer's postal address or taking the order quickly. The second stakeholders would be all the departments themselves who are involved in the project.

Effects Of Culture Shock Education Essay

Effects Of Culture Shock Education Essay With the development of global strategy these decades, joint-venture enterprises has an obvious growth all over the world, meanwhile a large number of Chinese enterprises were built up in foreign countries and vise versa. At the same time, lots of senior managers will work or study techniques in foreign country, even their family members need to go abroad to live together with them. At the beginning of changing the work environment and colleague, most of managers can not adapt to it to some extent. Moreover, an increasing of number students choose to complete their study in a foreign country, it acclimatized international students to the strange environment.. The culture shock can bring positive effects, but at the same time, it also can affect people in a negative way. Purpose This article investigates how overseas students encounter the culture shock when they first time to go abroad and how to minimize or prevent culture shock. It will examine the causes and effects of culture shock from the following aspects, one is different lifestyle: food and timetable; another is education system Definition of culture shock According to Oberg the world famous cultural anthropologist, the culture shock maybe defined as a state that people who are the first time come to a new country because of psychological lost, language barrier, unfamiliar environment, different culture background or other aspects they can not adapt to this atmosphere immediately then caused confusion, helplessness, homesick and anxiety (Eschbach et al, 2001) Main body Different food caused culture shock Lots of students make a decision to study in foreign countries after the graduate from Senior High School or undergraduate, the first time that they come to a new strange country, the language barrier limit their communication with local people, so it will be posed many problems for them, one of them is the different lifestyle, the diet habits is very different from their native country, so they will exclude all things this country brings to them. Therefore, it is essential for students to do everything with their interest, curiosity and willingness, in contrast, if they live with exclusive emotional, it will lead to many psychological discomfort (Phillips, 2003). First of all, the most obvious aspect present is the daily diet, especially on food, Changes in weight may indicate that a person is experiencing culture shock. So can an obsessive increase in washing or cleaning. Avoiding social contact, sleeping too much and homesickness are all additional symptoms of culture shock.(Barker, 2012) at the beginning of their new life, they will not eat anything or eat less than before and then they will think these sorts of food do not suit their taste. after one week or month, it is obvious that they get thinner, for example, a lot of international students the first time to go abroad, they do not like the western food, not only expensive but also not healthy, in Asia countries, people preferred to eat rice, noodles, dumplings as their staple food, then they will cook some various of vegetables or soup eating with rice, this is their diet habit. Because they can not get their ideal diet, they will extremely feel homesick. At the beginning of entering a new environment, they can not find their native countries stores to purchase their domestic food, the price of food maybe higher than their country, so they eat less and usually feel hungry and eager to come back to home to enjoy a great fancy dinner with their family members. The first thing they do is to go everywhere to find their countries restaurant, at this time is the most difficult stage for overseas students, they will miss their domestic friends, their parents or all of the things and food of their own countries. For example, when students encounter some obstacles like culture shock, the friend is their first choice to ask for help, friends can give them some advices and problem-solving methods to them, helping them out and tide them through difficult times.(Aronson et al, 2005). Maybe it is common that people eat some pieces of bread with delicious cheese, kinds of sweet jam and a cup of coffee or milk, sometimes we can see children eat great sandwiches or hot dog with a cup of juice in their breakfast time, in lunch or dinner time, the table we see more is the potato with ketchup, bacon, steak chicken wings and different types of pasta, this is their daily diet habit, they eat much of meat. So, a lot of international students can not adapt to t his kind of lifestyle. Most of students in china, they eat various of gruel, soup with an egg, it is usually for Chinese to eat noodles, rice, dumplings with soya-bean milk. Maybe they think it is healthy than others and can suit Chinese students taste, but coming to a new country, perhaps international students will change their own diet habit in order to adapt to this new country quickly. Different timetable caused culture shock Another lifestyle that international students maybe face is the timetable, every country has their own timetable, so many students can not adapt the time this country plan to , a typical example is that in UK, most of shopping malls or stores will be closed before 17:30, you can see few persons walked in the city central, a lot of overseas students think it is boring and very different from their own country, in other countries people are crazy about shopping in the evening and they had adapted to the night life of their native-born country, furthermore, the class time is also have some differences compared with other countries, in some countries ,they may start their first class after eight oclock or later and finish it so earlier. By contrast, in china, students begin class from 7:30 in the morning till to 6:00 in the evening, after 6:00 pm students will have self-study time , it also can be called homework time, plenty of homework for students to finish by themselves, after the first time they left home to a new start of their life, they may not like this atmosphere of this country gave them, at this time, a lot of international students will feel so boring and lonely  ¼Ã…’even much of helpless, maybe they will cry at their accommodation at night and want to return back to home and give up studying in abroad. Moreover, they will keep in touch with their friends or parents, talking on the phone everyday with their parents, this method can reduced their helplessness, homesick and help them to develop the sense of security, and also help them to got encouragement from family members (Scheyvens, 2003). Different education system caused culture shock The following aspect is the different education systemmost of international students can not adapt to the different style of teaching immediately, in some countries, teachers pay more attention to the students self-study and practice, it can be take the British education into an example, in UK, maybe the teachers think in the process of searching the sources, students can gain more knowledge than they taught to them, teachers told students the task ,topic and the method to find information, then students need to find some resources and finish it by themselves. Sometimes, tutor will discuss with students to provide some suggestions for them. The final exam maybe several subjects not all of subjects need to sit down to write 2 long hours test, it is important for students to guarantee the attendance and participate part, the final essay students will complete it by themselves, maybe it accounts for the largest proportion, so, a lot of international students come to a different country can not adapt to this kind of educational system, generating heavy stress for their professional learning. If overseas students can adapt to this education system in the shortest possible time it can bring much benefits to these students, pupils with high self-efficiency general have faith in their capability to complete their own tasks well. They work harder and experience less anxiety when they have something in trouble, due to they believe that they can succeed with much confidence However, people often not full confidence with low self-efficacy that they usually think they cannot perform works well, so they usually tend to give up easily and experience more anxiety when facing troubles. Lack of confidence is the most important reason for their failure (Aronson et al, 2005). So, it is important for international students to overcome troubles with self-confidence. They can learn more useful knowledge and continue to enhance their ability step by step. However ,in other countries especially in some Asian countries , maybe teachers lay emphasis on theory  ¼Ã…’tutors told the answers to students and forced them to recite all of them, this cramming systems caused many of students can not adapt to that kind of self-study system when they study in UK or other countries, this kind of students do not know how to start their first step and lots of students continue to study learn by rote ,it is difficult for them to change the method at once, meanwhile, they feel so depressed and lack of confidence, after this circumstance it will result in the negative effects to international students, large number of students will not catch up with lessons and also are not available to catch teachers point, a long time later ,it will caused a lot of students make no attempt to make progress , get lost in his own way and give themselves up as hopeless replaced. Even more serious effect arouse to is the plagiarism phenomenon, due to the academic knowl edge capability and language level limited, many students copy others result and caused plagiarism problems. The possible adverse impact is to fail their course and come back to home. This phenomenon often happened in university. How to overcome culture shock According to Ferraro (2006), the better method for students to know about the culture shock completely is from the psychological field to analyze the culture shock and improve the successful rate of living in overseas, trying to make more international friends and sharing your happiness and frustration with them, encouraging each other and spend the difficult time together. Conclusion According to the introduction, it can be see that food, timetable and education can result in culture shock ¼Ã…’culture is defined as the every side of life, large number of international students can not adapt to the change of a new environment and need time to change their mind and accept new things ,during this orientation time, with optimism attitudes to accept different learning style and with full self-confidence to overcome all obstacles ,accommodate to various food taste, set goal orientation for themselves, avoid the negative effect that culture shock bring to them.

Misinterpretation of Reality in Othello by William Shakespeare Essay

Misinterpretation of Reality in Othello      Ã‚   Othello, by William Shakespeare, is a mix of love, sexual passion and the deadly power of jealousy. Shakespeare has created an erotic thriller based on a human emotion that people are all familiar with.   There is an extraordinary fusion of characters' with different passions in Othello. Every character is motivated by a different desire.   Shakespeare mesmerizes the reader by manipulating his characters abilities to perceive and discern what is happening in reality.   It is this misinterpretation of reality that leads to the erroneous perceptions that each character holds.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After reading this tragedy, the depth of Shakespeare's characters continue to raise many questions in the minds of the reader.   The way I percieve the character of Othello and what concerns me, is that Othello is able to make such a quick transition from love to hate of Desdemona. In Act 3, Scene 3, Othello states, "If she be false, O, then heaven mocks itself! I'll not believe 't." (lines 294-295) Yet only a couple hundred lines later he says, "I'll tear her to pieces" (line 447) and says that his mind will never change from the "tyrannous hate" (line 464) he now harbors. Does Othello make the transition just because he is so successfully manipulated by Iago? Or is there something particular about his character which makes him make this quick change?   I believe that "jealousy" is too simple of a term to describe Othello. I think that Othello's rapid change from love to hate for Desdemona is fostered partly by an inferiority complex. He appears to be insecure in his love for Desdemona (as well as i... ...mply be percieved as extraordinary.       Works Cited and Consulted Alexander, Peter. Shakespeare. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1964. Greene, Gayle. "'This That You Call Love': Sexual and Social Tragedy in Othello." in Shakespeare and Gender: A History. Deborah E. Baker and Ivo Kamps. New York: Verso, 1995. 47-62. Mason, H.A. Shakespeare's Tragedies of Love. New York: Barnes and Noble. 1970. Neely, Carol Thomas. "Women and Men in Othello: "What should such a fool/Do with so good a woman?" In Broken Nuptials in Shakespeare's Plays. Carol Thomas Neely. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. "Othello's Occupation." The Norton Shakespeare Workshop. Mark Rose, ed. CD-ROM. W.W. Norton, 1998. Shakespeare, William. "Othello". The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997. 2100-2172.

What We Talk About When We Talk About Love

Justin Goings Debra Dockter English Composition October 12th 2012 â€Å"The definition of love may be unique to the individual, if it can be defined at all† The feeling you have when you first look upon your new born child, the radiant warmth in your face when you say â€Å"I do† at the altar, or the divine feeling in your chest when you pray. Every one of these situations could be used to describe love. Its an emotion so richly embedded into our minds, that every single one of us can say they’ve experienced it in their lives. Some might even say they’ve molded their existence around it.However, while we are all familiar with love, the situations in which we encounter it are so diverse that the definition has become unique to the individual person. â€Å"What We Talk about When We Talk about Love† does an amazing job of forcing the reader to wonder what this feeling really means to them. What starts out as a normal conversation between four friends almost turns into a harsh debate on the elusive nature of love. Of the four people in the story the person that appears to struggle with the topic the most is Mel. The author seems to use a bit of symbolism in his story by making Mel a cardiologist.Almost as if saying because he is a heart doctor, he would have plenty to say about matters of the heart. Mel’s original position is that real love is nothing less than spiritual love, but he quickly becomes unsatisfied with his original answer. Seeing the affection between Nick and Laura makes him analyze the question even further. He eventually goes into a story about an elderly couple that was gravely injured in a car accident and it looks like he is going to have a strong point, yet somehow he can’t exactly describe what it is.Despite Mel’s knowledge though, he still struggles to find a clear answer. My favorite example in the story is when Mel is trying to explain sentimental love. He explains that he and Terri s ay that they love each other, yet they would both say that they have loved other people before them. That the â€Å"saving grace† is when one of them dies, the other might grieve for a while, but will eventually love again. All of their love would just be a memory, if it was even that. This helps to illustrate that love is such an important part of people’s lives because that we are able to move on nd love again after tying such important emotional feelings with someone. But in relation to the story it leaves you feeling as if love has no meaning. Regardless of it being the saving grace he says it is, the thought seems to disturb Mel because at this point on he displays obvious aggression towards his wife. Nick, the narrator of the story, doesn’t seem to have to many vocal opinions on what love actually means to him, but it’s his observations or actions that really seem to give away his stance. For example throughout the story he is constantly making gest ures to his wife.Such as resting his hand on his her thigh, or kissing her hand. He is always showing his affection, leading you to believe that love for him and Laura is strictly sentimental. It’s the only points in the story where I feel love was actually expressed and felt. It almost seems like the author is trying to say that even though they may never reach an agreement on what love is, actions are the only thing that matters in the end. The only character that touches on the fact that love is different from person to person is Mel’s wife, Terri.She explains that her ex-husband loved her so much that he tried to kill her. Everyone else seems mortified by her story and they try their best to convince her that abuse is not love. However her opinion is important in explaining the diversity of the emotion, because even though her ex husband expressed it in a very unhealthy manner, all the characteristics of love were there. Even though no one else shares her feelings with the example, she’s the only one with a solid idea of what it means.Nick and Laura only show what they feel about love by touching each other gently, or by saying â€Å"I love you†. And Will talks like he has a lot of ideas on what the definition is, but by the end of the story you realize he’s just as confused as everyone else. Terri is the only person that can actually express a view of love from personal experience. The sun setting in the story, in combination with the drinking seems to bring a loss of clarity on the subject as the friends continue to talk.Nick notes in the beginning that â€Å"sunlight filled the kitchen from the big window behind the sink† and the general mood of the party seems to be pretty happy. However as the conversation becomes a bit more complex and dark, Nick notes that the light in the kitchen is fading. The guests even seem to become more content to letting Will rant on. By the end of the story it is nighttime and no on e is left talking. You’re left with an almost hopeless feeling and begin to wonder if any of them actually really love each other. What We Talk about When We Talk about Love† was a story that I actually enjoyed reading a few times to try and understand. I believe that it illustrates the true diversity of the emotion and is a story to really make you think. Even though by the end you feel like love is almost hopeless, it is after a bit of reflection that you begin to realize the complexity of the word. It might not have an exact definition, and maybe it’s because of the inadequacy of the human language, but everyone will have a special example of what love really means to them.

The Basics of Fiction Writing Essays

The Basics of Fiction Writing Essays The Basics of Fiction Writing Essay The Basics of Fiction Writing Essay Plot The plot (sequence of events) in a short story can be broken into different parts: The exposition is the beginning of the story in which the author establishes the setting and introduces the characters. 1. How does the story beginning engage the reader? (dialogue, action, description, etc.) 2. What essential information does the author include early on? The initial incident is the event which occurs early in the story and which calls the problem or conflict to our attention. 3. What initial incident calls the problem or conflict to our attention? The rising action includes the events which increase the tension between the protagonist and the antagonist. The rising action comprises most of the plot of the story. 4. Jot the plot – Note the events in order and explain how the character struggles. The climax is the TURNING POINT – the conflict must be resolved one way or the other. 5. Decide when you think the TURNING POINT of the story is and explain how the conflict is resolved (Does the character defeat his obstacle? How do you know?) Think of the falling action as the way the author lands the plane of the story 6. What does the character say and do after he has won or lost? Why? 7. What other events, dialogue, descriptions are included after the climax? Why? Now that the plane has landed, the story needs to be resolved or unknotted. 8. Has the character changed in any way? 9. Has he learned anything about himself or his world? Why or why not? What has he learned? 10. What is the last sentence of the story? Why has the author written that sentence? More Plot Also, watch for the author’s use of these techniques: Foreshadowing: Does the author give hints or clues that point to the story’s outcome? Flashback: Does the author leap backwards in time to an incident that helps explain why things are the way they are? (Any action that has happened before the timeframe of the story is called antecedent action.) Suspens

Earth Views essays

Earth Views essays The movie Gladiator is an epic tale of a Roman general who is betrayed by the Roman government who kills his family under the leadership by a corrupt Roman prince who is turned king, the roman general comes back as a gladiator to seek revenge on the prince turned king. The movie which was made in 2000 stars Russell Crowe as the Roman general Maximus, Joaquin Phoenix as Comodus the prince turned king and Oliver Reed as Proximo the generals kind servant along with a whole list of other characters. The main plot of the story is Maximus, the most-trusted general serving the aging Caesar Marcus Aurelius leading troops into battle against Germania in 180 A.D. But Marcus Aurelius wants Maximus to fight a tougher opponent.. the corruption of Rome, by taking power after the emperor's death and restoring Rome to a republic. Maximus is reluctant, preferring to return to his wife and son, but he agrees to serve his Caesar. But his Caesar doesn't last too long, thanks to Marcus Aurelius' son Commodus who kills his Dad and takes the throne and orders Maximus and his family executed. Maximus escapes, only to be captured by slave traders who train him as a gladiator. Maximus gets a chance at revenge on Commodus when he goes to Rome as a gladiator at the Coliseum. Maximus is a hit with the crowd, setting him against Commodus in a battle for the hearts and minds of Rome. The three main themes in my opinion are as follows: The king wanting to oppoint Maximus as the king, but the king son finds out about it and then kills his father to become king and kills the generals family. Another main theme about the movie is the Princess, the new kings daughter falling in love with the hero but the general didnt fall in love with her, and lastly the last big theme of the movie was the new king making up the big Gladiator event where at the end of the games he gets killed by Maximus and Rome is turned into a ...

Article review, It has to be related to government or Politics

Review, It has to be related to government or Politics - Article Example The current budge impasse is now on its second week and no end seems in sight due to the stiff bargaining positions taken by the Republican and Democratic Parties on the issue. The problem is that partisan politics can be a hindrance to a sensible solution because both parties do not want to give in to the demands of the other party; no one wants to be seen as capitulating as it can mean political defeat. The present shutdown is due to the recalcitrant action of a few Republican radicals who held an extreme view of the socialism espoused by the Democrats which is symbolized by Obamacare or the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of March 23, 2010 (PPACA). These Republican congressmen belong to the fringes of the Republican party, to the so-called Tea Party but as the writer Wofford pointed out, even these people are not totally deaf and may listen to the reasonable voice of wisdom and conservatism, which are the people in Wall Street such as corporate leaders, bankers, and fin anciers. These people are rightly concerned how a government default on its debt (sovereign debts) can have disastrous consequences for the entire American economy and even to the entire world in a linked globalized economy. Ms. Carrie Wofford suggested that Wall Street people also talk to these few Republicans in the same manner they had talked with President Barack Obama earlier to warn of the dangers. Discussion Ms. Carrie Wofford once worked under the Clinton administration as a policy aide. She was also the senior strategist in the Democratic Senate before as she is a lawyer of some importance and brilliance. As such, she has been a lifetime Democrat and is expected to hold Democratic views and espouse the ideals held dear by the Democratic Party. She is a veteran also of many Democratic presidential and senatorial electoral campaigns so she knows quite well how to craft a political strategy that will achieve a stated aim, by reaching out to other parties or to the opposing sid e of a debate through compromise, cooperation, and co-optation. Considering her political orientation as a Democrat, it is safe to assume she wants to resolve the current shutdown by proposing the compromise mentioned earlier, in which Pres. Obama can likewise ask people on Wall Street to talk sense to House Speaker John Boehner so he in turn can convince the few Tea Party members to agree and acquiesce to a â€Å"clean bill† solution to resolve the budget deficits and to determine the exact debt ceiling to be allowed. It is also her years of work as a lawyer and as a former judge that she resorts to compromise to resolve this issue to the mutual benefit of both political parties and to the entire citizenry. In a sense, her position reflects her views as a Democrat, which is to be more flexible. The magazine U. S. News & World Report is a liberal and left-leaning magazine publication and is expected to espouse the views of liberalism and the Democratic Party. This political o rientation is similar to the .New York Times (NYT) which is the sister publication of the International Herald Tribune (IHT) which goes head-to-head with the conservative views of the right-leaning The Wall Street Journal (WSJ) which in turn reflects most of the views of the Republican Party as this party represents the interests of Big Business, in particular those corporate leaders who belong to Wall Street and the Fortune Big 500. So considering her own political leanings and the magazine she is writing for, her views can be ranked as moderate.

Fords Western and Leones Western Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Fords Western and Leones Western - Movie Review Example This paper looks into two films individually: The Searcher, directed by John Ford (1956), and Once upon a time in the west, directed by Sergio Leone (1968). It describes their mise-en scene and beyond, introduced first by their corresponding synopsis. A comparison is made at the end. Synopsis. Although filmed on Navajo land in northern Arizona, The Searchers, begins in 1868 Texas. Ethan Edwards (played by John Wayne), a soldier, returns to his brother's farm after the end of the Civil War where he fought for the Confederacy. It has taken Ethan three years to come home, after fighting on the losing side of the Civil War. Ethan is in love with his brother's wife, Martha, but unlike his brother, he is not the man to settle down and raise a family. In this film, Ethan Edwards is seeking the two nieces who were abducted during a Comanche raid, in which his brother's family is murdered. Finding the mutilated bodies of his family, Ethan is guilt-ridden, feeling he was not there when he was needed. He thus becomes obsessed with recovering his two nieces and seeking revenge on the Comanche. This fanatic search provides the only rationale for Ethan's life, and he is determined to succeed. "We'll fin'em just as sure as the turning of the earth," he says. Ethan is a bitter and lo... Ethan becomes more concerned with executing vengeance than with finding her. During the search, when Ethan is asked, "You wanna quit" he angrily replies, "That'll be the day!" and he repeats this phrase many times in the course of the film. Theme. Based on a screenplay by Frank S. Nugent from the novel by Alan Le May, "The Searchers" deals with the winning of the West, the struggles between the invading White Man and the Native Americans, the Western Code of Honor, and old-fashioned determination vs. selfish, vengeful spite (Puccio, 2006). Ethan embodies the most important attributes of the Westerner: individualism, self-sufficiency, strength, non-conformity, and loneliness. In this movie, Ethan's solitariness is stressed visually. The film opens with a magnificent inside framing shot of a cabin door, opening up to high desert red sandstone formations and turquoise sky. Ethan appears out of nowhere, from the desert, and, at the end, after his mission is accomplished, Ethan returns to the desert. In the film's last shot, Wayne stands alone, silhouetted in the door's frame, while other people pass around, ignoring his presence. A shot similar at the beginning bookends the film. In this film, Ford illustrates the outcomes of racism and Indian hating, a seeming eloquent statement in support of the Civil Rights movement (Puccio, 2006). Consider the following conversation - Brad (to Ethan, as they follow the Comanche): They gotta stop sometime; if they're human men at all, they've gotta stop. Ethan: A human rides a horse until it dies, and then goes on afoot. Comanch' comes along, gets that horse up, rides him twenty more miles ... then eats him. Techniques. In the story, drawn away

Assess the importance of Ghandi to Indian nationalism Essay

Assess the importance of Ghandi to Indian nationalism - Essay Example Ghandi was born in October 1869 in a Hindu Modh family in Porbandar, Gujarat in India, and was given the name Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi by his parents. The father named Karamchand Gandhi was a chief minister at the city of Porbandar; meaning mahatma Ghandi had a strong upbringing background around leadership, politics, and guided by the Hindu principles (Shelokhonov, 2013). The principles he learned early in life made him a mature and determined man early in age, considering that he had the chance to experience and observe the discrimination the colonialist and their associates conducted on the native people. He became motivated in his law study and understanding of varying principles of different religions he encountered with in different lands. According to Barua, â€Å"his combined brilliance, humanism, and courage with indomitable will brought a revolutionary change in the East Indian Community in South Africa and India† (n.d, p. 2). Borrowing from numerous teaching of th e different religions, and inspirations from wise political ideologies such as those of Gopal Krishna, David Thoreau, and Leo Tolstoy, he was able to organize non-violent movements, which would paralyze the then imperial governments to have their demands heeded. As a key reformist, he was named Bapu Ghandi and is today known to be the father of the Indian nation, after his successful organization and support for the non violent movements of struggle for freedom in India. Characters of Mahatma Ghandi: The persona of Ghandi is still held debatable by many, depending on religion and way of life. However, it must be admitted that he had acquired certain substantial and enabling virtues from his way of life in different environments across the world. Even though being a faithful Hindu, he drew some of his principles from the Bible, the Islamic religion, among others to shape his characters and belief for the common good of existence in the general society. His persona brought him close t o the society, especially the women whom characters and sufferings he understood in broad point of view. Effectively, he was very attracted to the virtues of different societies (Western, African, and Indian), cultures, and different genders, and hoped to unite the people together for their common good. He was a man described to be courageous and stubborn in confronting the British governments, yet humble, patient, and compassionate to others, regardless of their religion, race, and gender. The virtues of non-violence (Ahimsa) and compassion he believed in, was an acceptance of the women qualities, who had been kept out of power and dominion in political and social aspects because of their simple virtues of patience, compassion, and tenderness that was viewed as a contradiction to the roles (Anand, 2006). With such a trusted persona, Ghandi was able to pull people closer, the strong and the weak and from it, women had the opportunity to come out of their locked areas and confidently support him in Indian liberation. Anand further mentions that the very nature of his virtues (ahimsa and truth among others) made the people liberation movement open to all; his plans and politics also comprised most trusted feminine virtues, allowing men and women to take part in the non-violent wars (2006). Ghandi’

Critical period in language development Essay Example for Free

Critical period in language development Essay The concept of a critical period is well in nature. In human beings there seems to be a critical for the first language acquisition. Research shows that any human who is not exposed to any language before puberty, becomes completely unable to the syntax of their first language later in life. From my personal experience I have learnt that any individual who learns their first language at infancy and later (at puberty) gets to move from their motherland to foreign land where no one speaks their language, no matter how long these individuals stay from home they can never forget their mother tongue. Accent may change but they will always remember their first language Here is another practical example to prove that there is a critical period in language development. I happen to be living in Africa; my bosses are Italians (man and wife) they have had to learn English and Kiswahili for easy communication with the locals. They have a five year old baby. When the baby is with her parents they always speak in their first language; when she is left behind with the nanny she is spoken to in Kiswahili all the time. The nanny knows no other language apart from her mother tongue and Kiswahili. This baby has been looked after by this same nanny since she was born. At the age of three a teacher from America was employed to teach this girl. She knew no other language but English. Now look at this closely; the baby is now very fluent in two languages; her first one Italian and her second one; Kiswahili. She is so fluent that she corrects her parents on it! She seems to be doing just fine in English for the last two years she has been taught. Interestingly her teach who is very interested in learning Kiswahili asks her enough times to translate to her in English what has been said in Kiswahili by colleagues. I would say that all depends with the stage at which the language was introduced to an individual. The stage in life. †¢ Kiswahili is a language for the East African state and some of the West African.

The Death Penalty, Inaccurately Supported :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

The Death Penalty, Inaccurately Supported Tommy, sixteen, poor, and mentally retarded constantly found himself being teased and hit by the town bully. He never knew what to do, he would always just look down at the ground and allow himself to get beat up. One day his friend told him that if the bully teased him again he should defend himself and hit him back. The following day, as usual, the bully started to make fun of him and to throw punches at him, afraid and not knowing what to do, Tommy began to hit the bully back. Once he noticed that the bully was afraid and that he had stopped hitting him Tommy, unable to control his actions, continued to beat the nineteen-year-old bully until he fell on the floor and lay motionless. In trial, Tommy’s jobless mom was unable to pay for an attorney so the state provided him with one who could care less about what happened in the case. Tommy received a sentence to death row. Now confused as ever he awaits the day when someone will put him to death by lethal injection. E ven though Tommy’s mental handicap doesn’t allow him to understand what he’s done, he will be executed for his actions. Not only do many states allow the execution of the mentally retarded, but they are also likely to send the poor and mentally ill to death row quicker than the rich <http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/>. Aside from being biased, the death penalty is an expensive, cruel, and ineffective deterrent to crime. Many of today’s executions are based on society’s prejudices. "It is.†¦ believed that we have a system where race and wealth are often more of a determinant of punishment than the brutality or evil motive of the criminal, a system driven by revenge and politics much more than by justice or fairness." <ohio.net> Although only 12 percent of America’s population is composed of African- Americans, they make up 50 percent of prison population and 40 percent of death row’s population. <www.lclark.edu/> Because of generalizations made by society, "a black man is ten to twelve times more likely to receive the death penalty than a white man even if the same crimes were committed." <www.people.virginia> Aside from being racially biased, capital punishment is also prejudice against the poor. Those who are on trial and cannot afford to pay for an attorney are provided with one by the court.

Common Features of a Shakespeare Comedy

Common Features of a Shakespeare Comedy What makes a Shakespeare comedy identifiable if the genre is not distinct from the Shakespeare tragedies and histories? This is an ongoing area of debate, but many believe that the comedies share certain characteristics, as described below: * Comedy through language: Shakespeare communicated his comedy through language and his comedy plays are peppered with clever word play, metaphors and insults. 1. Love: The theme of love is prevalent in every Shakespeare comedy.Often, we are presented with sets of lovers who, through the course of the play, overcome the obstacles in their relationship and unite. Love in Shakespearean comedy is stronger than the inertia of custom, the power of evil, or the fortunes of chance and time. In all of these plays but one (Troilus and Cressida), the obstacles presented to love are triumphantly overcome, as conflicts are resolved and errors forgiven in a general aura of reconciliation and marital bliss at the play's c lose.Such intransigent characters as Shylock, Malvolio, and Don John, who choose not to act out of love, cannot be accommodated in this scheme, and they are carefully isolated from the action before the climax. * * Complex plots: The plotline of a Shakespeare comedy contains more twists and turns than his tragedies and histories. Although the plots are complex, they do follow similar patterns. For example, the climax of the play always occurs in the third act and the final scene has a celebratory feel when the lovers finally declare their love for each other.Moreover, the context of marriage—at least alluded to, is the cap-stone of the comedic solution, for these plays not only delight and entertain, they affirm, guaranteeing the future. Marriage, with its promise of offspring, reinvigorates society and transcends the purely personal element in sexual attraction and romantic love. * Mistaken identities: The plot is often driven by mistaken identity. Sometimes this is an inten tional part of a villain’s plot, as in Much Ado About Nothing when Don John tricks Claudio into believing that his fiance has been unfaithful through mistaken identity.Characters also play scenes in disguise and it is not uncommon for female characters to disguise themselves as male characters, seen in Portia in the Merchant of venice. Shakespeare’s 17 comedies are the most difficult to classify because they overlap in style with other genres. Critics often describe some plays as tragi-comedies because they mix equal measures of tragedy and comedy. For example, Much Ado About Nothing starts as a Shakespeare comedy, but takes on the characteristics of a tragedy when Hero is disgraced and fakes her own death.At this point, the play has more in common with Romeo and Juliet, one of Shakespeare’s key tragedies. The 18 plays generally classified as comedy are as follows: 1 All's Well That Ends Well 2 As You Like It 3 The Comedy of Errors 4 Cymbeline 5 Love's Labourâ⠂¬â„¢s Lost 6 Measure for Measure 7 The Merry Wives of Windsor 8 The Merchant of Venice 9 A Midsummer Night's Dream 10 Much Ado About Nothing 11 Pericles, Prince of Tyre 12 The Taming of the Shrew 13 The Tempest 14 Troilus and Cressida 15 Twelfth Night 16 Two Gentlemen of Verona 7 The Two Noble Kinsmen 18 The Winter's Tale 2. 3. Comedy is a drama that provokes laughter at human behavior, usually involves romantic love, and usually has a happy ending. In Shakespeare's day the conventional comedy enacted the struggle of young lovers to surmount some difficulty, usually presented by their elders, and the play ended happily in marriage or the prospect of marriage. Sometimes the struggle was to bring separated lovers or family members together, and their reunion was the happy culmination (this often involved marriage also).Shakespeare generally observed these conventions, though his inventiveness within them yielded many variations. 4. Eighteen plays are generally included among Shakespe are's comedies. In approximate order of composition, they are. These works are often divided into distinct subclasses reflecting the playwright's development. The first seven, all written before about 1598, are loosely classed as the ‘early comedies', though they vary considerably in both quality and character.The last four of these—Loves Labour's Lost, the Dream, the Merchant, and the Merry Wives—are sometimes separated as a transitional group, or linked with the next three in a large ‘middle comedies' classification. The Merry Wives is somewhat anomalous in any case; it represents a type of comedy—the ‘city play', a speciality of suchwriters as Ben Jonson and Thomas Dekker—that Shakespeare did not otherwise write. The next three plays. Much Ado, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night, are often thought to constitute Shakespeare's greatest achievement in comedy; all written around 1599-1600, they are called the romantic, or mature, comedies. The next group of three plays, called the Problem Plays, which include Alls Well that Ends Well, Troilus and Cressida, and Measure for Measure that were written in the first years of the 17th century, as Shakespeare was simultaneously creating his greatest tragedies. The final cluster, all written between about 1607 and 1613, make up the bulk of the playwright's final period. They are known as the Romances which include Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale, The Tempest, and often The Two Noble Kinsman. (The problem plays and romances were intended to merge Tragedy and comedy in Tragicomedies.Many minor variations in this classification scheme are possible; indeed, the boundaries of the whole genre are not fixed, for Timon of Athens is often included among the comedies, and Troilus and Cressida is sometimes considered a tragedy. 5. Shakespeare's earliest comedies are similar to existing plays, reflecting his inexperience. The Comedy of Errors—thought by many scholars to be h is first drama, though the dating of Shakespeare's early works is extremely difficult—is built on a play by the ancient Roman dramatist Plautus. Characteristically, Shakespeare enriched his source, but with material from another play by Plautus.The Subplot of The Taming of the Shrew was taken from a popular play of a generation earlier, and the main plot was well known in folklore, though the combination was ingeniously devised. The Two Gentlemen of Verona likewise deals with familiar literary material, treating it in the manner of John Lyly, the most successful comedy writer when Shakespeare began his career. 6. However, the young playwright soon found the confidence to experiment, and in Loves Labour's Lost, the Dream, and the Merchant, he created a group of unusual works that surely startled Elizabethan playgoers, though pleasurably, we may presume.In the first he created his own main plot and used a distinctively English variation on the Italian Commedia Dell’Arte traditions for a sub-plot. He thus produced a splendid array of comic situations. The play's abundant topical humor was certainly appreciated by the original audiences, although today we don't always know what it is about. In any case, the major characters are charming young lovers, the minor ones are droll eccentrics, and the closing coup de theatre, with which a darkening mood brings the work to a close, is a stunning innovation. Already, the eventual turn towards tragicomedy is foreshadowed.A Midsummer Night's Dream mingles motifs from many sources, but the story is again the playwright's own; moreover, the play's extraordinary combination of oddity and beauty was entirely unprecedented and has rarely been approximated since. The Merchant of Venice mixes a social theme, usury, into a conventional comedy plot to deepen the resonance of the final outcome as well as to vary the formula. Here, the threat that is finally averted is so dire as to generate an almost tragic mood, again a nticipating developments later in the playwright's career. . The mastery that Shakespeare had achieved by the late 1590s is reflected in the insouciance of the titles he gave his mature comedies (Twelfth Night's subtitle—'What You Will'—matches the others). That mastery is accompanied by a serious intent that is lacking in the earliest comedies. Shakespeare could not ignore the inherent poignancy in the contrast between life as it is lived and the escape from life represented by comedy. In Much Ado, as in The Merchant of Venice, a serious threat to life and happiness counters the froth of a romantic farce.Even in As You Like It, one of the most purely entertaining of Shakespeare's plays, the melancholy Jaques interposes his conviction that life is irredeemably corrupt. Feste’s song at the close of Twelfth Night gives touching expression to such sentiments, as he sends us from the theatre with the melancholy refrain, ‘the rain it raineth every day' (5. 1. 3 91). We are not expected to take him too seriously, but we cannot avoid the realization that even the life of a jester may be a sad one.The mature comedies thus further a blending of comedy and tragedy. 8. In the end, however, all of Shakespeare's comedies, including the later problem plays and romances, are driven by love. Love in Shakespearean comedy is stronger than the inertia of custom, the power of evil, or the fortunes of chance and time. In all of these plays but one (Troilus and Cressida), the obstacles presented to love are triumphantly overcome, as conflicts are resolved and errors forgiven in a general aura of reconciliation and marital bliss at the play's close.Such intransigent characters as Shylock, Malvolio, and Don John, who choose not to act out of love, cannot be accommodated in this scheme, and they are carefully isolated from the action before the climax. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9. In their resolutions Shakespeare's comedies resemble the medieval Morality Pl ay, which centeres on a sinful human who receives God's mercy. In these secular works, a human authority figure—Don Pedro or Duke Senior, for instance—is symbolically divine, the opponents of love are the representatives of sin, and all of the participants in the closing vignette partake of the play's love and forgiveness.Moreover, the context of marriage—at least alluded to at the close of all but Troilus and Cressida—is the cap-stone of the comedic solution, for these plays not only delight and entertain, they affirm, guaranteeing the future. Marriage, with its promise of offspring, reinvigorates society and transcends the purely personal element in sexual attraction and romantic love. Tragedy's focus on the individual makes death the central fact of life, but comedy, with its insistence on the ongoing process of love and sex and birth, confirms our awareness that life transcends the individual. 10.